The Second Intifada, 2000
In June 2000 US President Bill Clinton assembled Palestinian and Israeli leaders in Camp David in a last ditch attempt at reaching a negotiated solution. Once again, failure beckoned. Arafat refused to accede to Israeli demands to annex major settlement blocs and the fate of Jerusalem and refugees remained unresolved. Tensions on the ground rose again, and Palestinian demonstrators took to the streets after Israeli opposition leader Ariel Sharon made an armed tour of the Aqsa Mosque Compound at the end of September. Widespread Palestinian demonstrations were met by live Israeli fire. Unlike the first intifada, however, Palestinians this time had arms, and the second intifada soon turned to armed clashes.